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M479 — Dual Auxiliary Module

Type module
Category SUMMING
Try it simulator & front panel · download package (zip)
Earliest dated evidence 1978|11 — manual issue date
Evidence "ISSUE#2 AUG 1978" in PUBLIC/Manuals + tech DOCUMENTS/Modules/Summing - Done - M479 Dual Auxiliary Module/M479 - P03 - TOC.jpg
Confidence high
All years found 1978|11
Used in jobs 790236 (1979|12), 840300 (1984|17), 920477 (1992|25)
Folder Consoles/1990-1999/920170 - CHYM-CKGL
Folder Consoles/1990-1999/920477 - Telemedia
Folder DOCUMENTS/Done/Done - L2042 Console

Connections and circuit (ideal SPICE model)

Drawn live from its RTO-144 connections: run the generator, turn the gain, watch the VU. Open the netlist to see how the model is built.

Pinout & connections

Each contact as its own documents name it: 11 named (11 high confidence). An empty slot is a contact no page names. Hover a contact for its source; the table under the drawing lists them.

CONNECTOR P2 · 1–21NUMBERED SIDEP2-1: SUMMING IN 1 audio in · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 11SUMMING IN 1 +INP2-2: SUMMING IN 1 audio in · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 12SUMMING IN 1 −INP2-3: SUMMING IN 2 audio in · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 13SUMMING IN 2 +INP2-4: SUMMING IN 2 audio in · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 14SUMMING IN 2 −IN5678910P2-11: OUT 1 audio out · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 111OUT 1 +OUTP2-12: OUT 1 audio out · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 112OUT 1 −OUT1314P2-15: OUT 2 audio out · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 115OUT 2 +OUTP2-16: OUT 2 audio out · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 116OUT 2 −OUT1718P2-19: -25 V power rail · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 119-25 VPWRP2-20: COMMON ground / common · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 120COMMONGNDP2-21: +25 V power rail · confidence high rto-144 · M479.rto144.json, p. 121+25 VPWR
KEYIN audio inOUT audio outPWR power railGND ground / commonhigh: sheet
M479 — Dual Auxiliary Module-25 V P2-19+25 V P2-21M479DUAL AUXILIARYMODULESUMMING IN 1P2-1·P2-2SUMMING IN 2P2-3·P2-4OUT 1P2-11·P2-12OUT 2P2-15·P2-16COMMON P2-20CONNECTED TO · CONSOLES & JOBS (3)790236Maryland L3242A · 1979|1284030004-003 · 1984|17920477Telemedia · 1992|25MADE OF · SUB-ASSEMBLIES (1)10-015Sub-assemblies (n-nnn)DRAWN WITH · MODULES (8)M498on 47 drawings with itM451on 46 drawings with itM452on 40 drawings with itM475on 32 drawings with itM495on 30 drawings with itM497on 24 drawings with itM490on 24 drawings with itM497Aon 24 drawings with it

pinout (SVG) · connections (SVG) · pins (JSON)

Pin evidence — 11 contacts
PinSignalKindConfidenceRead fromSource
P2-1SUMMING IN 1audio inhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-2SUMMING IN 1audio inhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-3SUMMING IN 2audio inhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-4SUMMING IN 2audio inhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-11OUT 1audio outhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-12OUT 1audio outhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-15OUT 2audio outhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-16OUT 2audio outhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-19-25 Vpower railhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-20COMMON
also: COMMON (rto-144)
ground / commonhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1
P2-21+25 Vpower railhighrto-144M479.rto144.json, p. 1

Pictures

1978 - M479 - P03 - TOC.jpg2017 - 920170 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg1978 - M479 - 479-01-001 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM.jpg1978 - M479 - 479-04-003 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE FRONT PANEL.jpg1978 - M479 - 479-06-001 - WARD-DECK BYOTUMTS DAM GEF ENG.jpg1978 - M479 - P01 - Cover.jpg1978 - M479 - P02.jpg1978 - M479 - P04.jpg1978 - M479 - P05 - 1-1.jpg1978 - M479 - P06 - 2-1.jpg1978 - M479 - P07 - 2-2.jpg1978 - M479 - P08 - 3-1.jpg1978 - M479 - P09 - 3-2.jpg1978 - M479 - P10 - 3-3.jpg1978 - M479 - P11 - 3-4.jpg1978 - M479 - P12 - 3-5.jpg1978 - M479 - P15 - Schematic.jpg1978 - M479 - P17 - Pin Out.jpg1982 - 479-06-001 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE LAYOUT - DRN GEB - ENG GEB - ISS 4.jpg1992 - 920477 - DOC - 920477-01-001 - OHMS SWTCHED SSUE REMSION FUTURE FUTURE.jpg19xx - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg19xx - DOC - L2042 - P09.jpg19xx - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg19xx - DOC - L3242 - P09.jpg19xx - DOC - 2021-3-16-22-34-19.jpg19xx - DOC - 479-02-001 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE SCHEMATIC.jpg19xx - DOC - MCNLIOR MODULE OHMS SSUEI REMSION DIRECT.jpg19xx - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg19xx - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 012.jpg1979 - 790236 - 790236-02-014 - SUB MASTER MODULES SIESZ PIN.jpg1984 - 840300 - 840300-04-003 - DERS MACHINE CONTNOI PAMEL.jpg1992 - 920477-01-001 - TELEMEDIA R1400 RADIO CONSOLE AUDIO FUNCTIONAL - DRN PA - ENG PA - ISS 1.jpg2012 - Wilma.png

Price history

Year Kind Price Listed as Effective Source
2005|38 used market value 25.00 M479 Dual Auxiliary wbsps - website ARCHIVE/WBSPS 2008/ARCHIVE/old website/PriceGuide.htm
2006|39 used market value 25.00 M479 Dual Auxiliary wbsps - website ARCHIVE/WBSPS 2008/ARCHIVE/jan 2006 shell/priceguide.htm

Dates found in the documents

Year Kind Text File
1978|11 month & year AUG . 19 78 1978 - M479 - Dual Auxiliary Module (2).pdf
1978|11 manual issue date MANUAL ISSUE #2 AUG 1978 1978 - M479 - Dual Auxiliary Module.pdf
1978|11 manual issue date ISSUE#2 AUG 1978 1978 - M479 - P03 - TOC.jpg
2017|50 manual issue date ISSUE 92017 2017 - 920170 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg
2017|50 manual issue date ISSUE 92017 2017 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg
2017|50 manual issue date ISSUE 92017 2017 - M495 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg
2017|50 manual issue date ISSUE 92017 2017 - M479 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg
2017|50 manual issue date ISSUE 92017 2017 - M497C - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg

Physical manual inventory

Item Location Status Scanned
M479 Dual Auxiliary Module PDF - Already scanned

Documents (2)

Year File
1978|11 1978 - M479 - Dual Auxiliary Module (2).pdf note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - Dual Auxiliary Module.pdf note

Photos & scans (89)

Year File
1978|11 1978 - M479 - 479-01-001 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - 479-04-003 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE FRONT PANEL.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - 479-06-001 - WARD-DECK BYOTUMTS DAM GEF ENG.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P01 - Cover.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P02.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P03 - TOC.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P04.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P05 - 1-1.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P06 - 2-1.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P07 - 2-2.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P08 - 3-1.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P09 - 3-2.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P10 - 3-3.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P11 - 3-4.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P12 - 3-5.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P15 - Schematic.jpg note
1978|11 1978 - M479 - P17 - Pin Out.jpg note
1982|15 1982 - 479-06-001 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE LAYOUT - DRN GEB - ENG GEB - ISS 4.jpg note
1992|25 1992 - 920477 - DOC - 920477-01-001 - OHMS SWTCHED SSUE REMSION FUTURE FUTURE.jpg note
1992|25 1992 - DOC - 920477-01-001 - OHMS SWTCHED SSUE REMSION FUTURE FUTURE.jpg note
1992|25 1992 - M498 - DOC - 920477-01-001 - OHMS SWTCHED SSUE REMSION FUTURE FUTURE.jpg note
1992|25 1992 - M479 - DOC - 920477-01-001 - OHMS SWTCHED SSUE REMSION FUTURE FUTURE.jpg note
1992|25 1992 - M497C - DOC - 920477-01-001 - OHMS SWTCHED SSUE REMSION FUTURE FUTURE.jpg note
1992|25 1992 - M499 - DOC - 920477-01-001 - OHMS SWTCHED SSUE REMSION FUTURE FUTURE.jpg note
2017|50 2017 - 920170 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg note
2017|50 2017 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg note
2017|50 2017 - M495 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg note
2017|50 2017 - M479 - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg note
2017|50 2017 - M497C - DOC - 920170-01-001 - SWTCHED DIRECT MONITOR OUTPUTS DDZME.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - L2042 - P09.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - L3242 - P09.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - 2021-3-16-22-34-19.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - 479-02-001 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE SCHEMATIC.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - MCNLIOR MODULE OHMS SSUEI REMSION DIRECT.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 012.jpg note
? 19xx - M453 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M453 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M494 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M466 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M462 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M464 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M472 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M472 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M470 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M470 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M490 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M490 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 012.jpg note
? 19xx - M451 - DOC - 2021-3-16-22-34-19.jpg note
? 19xx - M451 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M451 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M451 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M452 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M452 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M452 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M475 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M475 - DOC - L2042 - P09.jpg note
? 19xx - M475 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M475 - DOC - L3242 - P09.jpg note
? 19xx - M495 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M495 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 012.jpg note
? 19xx - M625B - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M457 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M498 - DOC - 2021-3-16-22-34-19.jpg note
? 19xx - M498 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M498 - DOC - L3242 - P09.jpg note
? 19xx - M498 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M473 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M473 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M477 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M477 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - 2021-3-16-22-34-19.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - 479-02-001 - DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE SCHEMATIC.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - L2042 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - L2042 - P09.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - L3242 - P04.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - L3242 - P09.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - MCNLIOR MODULE OHMS SSUEI REMSION DIRECT.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M479 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 012.jpg note
? 19xx - M497 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M497 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 012.jpg note
? 19xx - M497A - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note
? 19xx - M497A - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 012.jpg note
? 19xx - M497C - DOC - 2021-3-16-22-34-19.jpg note
? 19xx - M497C - DOC - MCNLIOR MODULE OHMS SSUEI REMSION DIRECT.jpg note
? 19xx - M499 - DOC - R1400-R2400 - 007.jpg note

Sub-assemblies & parts used (1)

Item What Family Year How we know
10-015 Sub-assemblies (n-nnn) 1988|21 named in its manual

Parts list — board M479 (27 parts)

From 1978 - M479 - Dual Auxiliary Module.pdf, page 8 (scanned); also in timelines/data/bom.csv.

Ref Part Value Manufacturer Mfr part no.
M479 DUAL AUXILIARY MQDULE
C1 Capacitor uF/6 V Kemet 150 T390E 157MOO6AS
C3 pF Philips 6.8 2222-638-09688
C6 uF/10 V Kemet 33 T3900336Moioas
C9 pF Philips 6 . 8 2222-638-09688
C15 uF/10 V Kemie [ 220 T390F 227MO10AS
C16 pF Philips 10 2222-638-10109
C17 uF/10 V Kemet 220 T390F 227M010A5
C19 PF Philips 6 , 8 2222-638-09688
C20 LF/10 V Kcmet 220 1390F 227M010AS
C21 PF Philips 10 2222-638-10109
C22 uF/10 V Kemct 220 1390F 227mui0aS
C23 uF/25 V Philips 22 426ETF22
C29 PF Aselco 2200 Co92-MC-222m
CR4 Diode Fairchild INLI48
CR9 Motorola IN40O3
R6 ISK
R7 Trim Pot Piher PT S5k 10V
R8 Resistor 1/4w 12K Philips 57
R12 Resistor 1/4w 30k Philips 57
R16 Resistor 1/4w 620 Philips 57
R18 Trim Pot Piher PT 5k 10v
R19 Resistor 1/4w 12k Philips 5%
R2Z Potentiometer A/B WBS 10-015
R23 Resistor 1/2w 10k Philips 5%
R53 IOK
R11 Potentiomcter A/B WBS 10-015

Consoles & jobs it is connected to (3)

Their own drawings name this module.

Job Year Drawing Page
790236 1979|12 1979 - 790236 - 790236-02-014 - SUB MASTER MODULES SIESZ PIN.jpg 1
840300 1984|17 1984 - 840300 - 840300-04-003 - DERS MACHINE CONTNOI PAMEL.jpg 1
920477 1992|25 1992 - 920477-01-001 - TELEMEDIA R1400 RADIO CONSOLE AUDIO FUNCTIONAL - DRN PA - ENG PA - ISS 1.jpg 1

Named in other drawings & documents (5)

File Page
19xx - RTO-144 - Module RTO-144 Jumper calculator.xlsx 1
1995 - M405P - ITEMIMP(1).TXT (2).docx 1
1995 - M405P - ITEMIMP(1).TXT.docx 1
1995 - M405P - ITEMIMP.TXT.docx 1
2012 - Wilma.png 1

From the manuals

Each manual split into its sections. Text that is the same in many Ward-Beck manuals (warranty, address, standard notes) is kept once on the Boilerplate page and linked.

General description (3)

Description — 308 words · 1978 - M479 - P06 - 2-1.jpg, page 1

M479 DUAL_AUXILIARY_MODULE The M479 15 des igned to receive the auxiliary output feeds originating from the WBS M47o and M473 input and submaster modules combine them and permit Teve] adjustment 0 f the combieed output mix. Two AUXILIARY outputs are provided per mo du | e Input and Summing_Amplifier The signa origina from the IMirz external mixing network is app]ied to the SUMMI current nodes 0 f the input_ampli- fier via 1/2 0 f the module edge connector An' EXTERNAL 088n5 60 , ohm input provided a t pins 6/7 which May be used For talkback or cue input feed This input 15 designed to operate from dBm , 600 ohm source 21 and ZZ with their associated components form the input s umming preamp]ifier for chamne | The gna from the preamp ifier output i5 coupled through c6 to R1l the Teve1 contro] the SUMMING input for channel appears at pins Similnd" Yhe 3/4 and EXTERNAL bridging input a t Pins 8/9 23 and 24 form the preamp]i fier.

R2Z i $ the Teve contro] for channe] Output Amplifier The channe] signa] is routed through switch SW1 to the actively ba anced output amp]ifier comprising Z5 _ 26 , Q1 through Q4 and their associated components The MAIN output for channe] appears at pins 11/12 0 f the module edge connector The nomina ] Teve] at this point 15 +8 dBm into 600 ohm Toad T f dBm nomina 1 output i $ required the shorting ink J1 may be removed t0 reduce the ga i n 0f the output amplifier by dB .

The MoniToRING output for channe / appearing at Pins 13/14 0 f the modu Te connector is intended to feed VU meter and the required inputs to the moni toring circuitry The atter should have 30k ohm bridging impedance or higher 2 -1

Description — 133 words · 1978 - M479 - Dual Auxiliary Module.pdf, page 12

MFG MFG PART NUMBER 73 24 25 Integrated circuit National LMBOTAN 26 27 28 WBS recommends thc use OT replacement parts made by The specified manutacturers for continued opti mUt equipment performance. 3-5

WB S M479 Auxiliary Teve conifo| R?2a Towt outpui Teve 07 both channe| output adjus [ (he Auxiliary Gwltch SwZ: When depnessed (he channe 9nj itched ON und appears both channe outputsa S [mu | caneous|Y (ne Led anna nated: space For channe icentif IcetIon des IgnatIon. auxiliat eve conirol RU Tows output Teve 06 both channe oulputs adjus ( che aux| (ARY switch Swi Hhen depressed; Lhe channe igna Ttched ON uppedrs both channe outoutse 5 imU tancousl, the LED ium nated: REDRAWN REviSION Ivo/77 ussue DATE WBS WARD-Beck ByBTEME DRNPiey M479 ENG; CKD PuL DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE APP

Description — 28 words · 1978 - M479 - P12 - 3-5.jpg, page 1

MFG MFG PARI_NUMBER 73 25 z5 28 Integrated Circuit Nationa LM3OIAN WBS recommends thc use replacement parts made by Ine specified manufacturers for continued opimum equipment performance 3-5

Parts list (text) (1)

Parts List — 87 words · 1978 - M479 - P09 - 3-2.jpg, page 1

M479 DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE PART DESCRIPLION MFG MEG_PARL_NUMBER IN4148 CR4 CRS Fairchild CR6 CR? CR8 CR9 CRIO Motorola IN4003 DSI D52 LED red Fairchild FLVI1? Transistor National 2N3569 2N3645 2N3569 2N3645 2N3569 02 Q5 2N3645 2N3569 2N3645 08 Resistor 1/4 5% 30k 30k 22k 22K 620 Phillps R? R3 R6 R7 R8 R9 R1O ISK Trim Pot Resistor 1/4w 57 Piher Philips PT 1OV Sk 12K 620 30K R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 Potentiomcter Resistor 1/4w 59 A/B Philips WBS 10-015 30k 30k 22k 22K 3-2 Diode

Drawings (11)

Each scan with its trace laid over it: the slider runs from the scan to the vector drawing. Click one to see it large and save it as SVG, DXF, KiCad, PDF or PowerPoint.

479-01-001 · functional · 1978|11
Dual Auxiliary Module Functional Diagramviewer
920477-01-001 · functional · 1992|25
Ohms Swtched Ssue Remsion Future Futureviewer
920170-01-001 · functional · 2017|50
Swtched Direct Monitor Outputs Ddzmeviewer
479-02-001 · schematic
Dual Auxiliary Module Schematicviewer
479-06-001 · component layout · 1978|11
Ward-Deck Byotumts Dam Gef Engviewer
B 479-06-001 · component layout · 1982|15
M479 / DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE / LAYOUTviewer
479-04-003 · connector layout · 1978|11
Dual Auxiliary Module Front Panelviewer
—
Mcnlior Module Ohms Ssuei Remsion Directviewer

Read from the drawing title blocks.

Drawing Title Date Drawn by Checked by Iss. Source
B 479-06-001 M479 / DUAL AUXILIARY MODULE / LAYOUT 1982|15 GEB (Gerry E. Bell) 4 file
— Mcnlior Module Ohms Ssuei Remsion Direct ST file
479-01-001 Lot Ohms Extern B file p.14
479-01-001 Dual Auxiliary Module Functional Diagram P MABJBY file p.14
479-01-001 Dual Auxiliary Module Functional Diagram RUL file
479-02-001 Dual Auxiliary Module Schematic GEB (Gerry E. Bell) file
479-04-003 Dual Auxiliary Module Front Panel RUL file
479-06-001 Zijrzi Wus Isk Geb Izlzz Ssuidati Reveoon Component file p.16
479-06-001 Ward-Deck Byotumts Dam Gef Eng RAE file
920170-01-001 Swtched Direct Monitor Outputs Ddzme DRG file
920477-01-001 Ohms Swtched Ssue Remsion Future Future file
An archive by Anthony Peter Kuzub · WBSps.Kuzub.com · WBSps.ca
generated from M479.md